Global average surface temperatures have risen approximately 1.1°C since the pre-industrial era
Multiple independent datasets — NASA GISTEMP, NOAA GlobalTemp, HadCRUT5, and Berkeley Earth — converge on an estimated warming of roughly 1.1°C above the 1850–1900 baseline. Satellite-era measurements since 1979 corroborate the surface record. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) describes the finding as "unequivocal." Remaining debate centers on the rate of future acceleration, regional variation, feedback sensitivity, and the policy responses those imply — not on the direction or approximate magnitude of the observed trend.
